Bone Abstracts

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For many years obesity has been considered to be protective against fragility fractures, since low BMI contributes to fracture risk. However, recent studies indicate that obese women represent a subset of patients with low-trauma fractures. In fact, obesity increases the risk of fracture at specific sites such as ankle, upper and lower leg and predictably, proximal humerus. By contrast, wrist, hip and pelvis fracture rates are lower in obese women. Interestingly, the majority ...

Anorexia nervosa (AN) occurs in 0.2–1% of adolescent girls and is characterized by physiological and adaptive changes in the various endocrine axes. Changes also occur in many hormones secreted or regulated by fat (a reflection of energy stores) that can impact bone. The physiological changes observed in various endocrine axes in AN in turn cause impaired bone accrual rates, low bone density (associated with increased marrow fat) and impaired bone microarchitecture. This ...

The epidemiological evidence is clear that higher body weight is protective against most fractures in adults. However, the same may not be true in children. Understanding the mechanisms of interaction of fat and bone may give useful insights into underlying physiology for prevention of fracture.In general, higher body weight in adults is associated with higher bone mineral density and is protective against fracture, but may be associated with an increase...

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine and Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, PortugalIn the last decade there has been a growing interest towards the use of fish as models to understand the basic mechanisms of cartilage and bone formation, maintenance and regeneration. In particular, zebrafish and medaka have become accepted models for human skeletal development and associated pathologies such as craniofacial dysplasia, oste...

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Incidence of vertebral fractures in the EU has been estimated in 520 000 for the year 2010. Clinical vertebral fractures cause most of the impact in terms of morbidity, quality of life and economic burden. However, even the sub-clinical ones are not neutral in these aspects. Unlike hip fractures, their incidence is less dissimilar across Europe. Mortality in the first year after a vertebral fracture is higher than for hip fracture, especially in the younger age groups. Vertebr...

Less than one-third of osteoporotic vertebral fractures are correctly identified and managed. This is due to a variety of reasons including lack of clear clinical triggers of who to refer for diagnostic spinal radiographs. However, there is increasing evidence for strategies to identify which older people have existing vertebral fractures. One such strategy combines four clinical triggers in a screening tool that has been shown in a large RCT to effectively increase appropriat...

Vertebral fractures are an important cause of pain and disability in osteoporotic patients.The main goals of treatment of vertebral fractures are to alleviate pain, stabilize the fracture, prevent new fractures and reduce comorbidities.Although vertebral fractures are frequently asymptomatic most patients will require analgesic medication for acute pain related with vertebral compression or chronic pain due to kyphosis and posture ...