Bone Abstracts

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The activation of Wnt signaling pathway is blocked by soluble proteins such as WIF-1, sFRP, Dkk1, and sclerostin, which work by sequestering the ligand (Wnt) or the co-receptor/receptor moiety. Recent advances in developing anti blocking agents such as monoclonal antibodies to the sclerostin and Dkk1 protein have generated significant interest as potentially useful approaches to treat patients that could utilize a rapid gain in bone mineral density in the context of osteoporos...

Recent evidence demonstrates that the environment in early life can have important effects on fetal and postnatal growth, on later body composition and on risk of developing common non-communicable diseases in later life. In animals the environment during early life induces altered phenotypes in ways which are influenced or mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. The latter include DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histones and non-coding RNAs. Most is known about DNA meth...

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Bone pain is a common symptom of both malignant and non-malignant bone disease. Bone pain is often the first sign of metastatic spread in patients suffering from breast, lung or prostate cancer. Cancer-induced bone pain is one of the most difficult of all persistent pain states to fully control, and it severely affects the quality of life of the patients.Bone pain is also a common symptom of non-malignant metabolic bone diseases such as osteomalacia, fib...

Bone turnover markers (BTMs) are particularly useful in the early monitoring of the effectiveness of anabolic and antiresorptive therapy in osteoporosis and may help in the assessment of treatment compliance. How and when BTM levels change under antiresorptive or anabolic drugs is a key factor in assessing response to therapy. Thus, changes in BTM levels depend on the dose of the drug and the route of administration, and particularly on the mechanism of action. In this sense, ...

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No treatment for osteoporosis abolishes the risk of fracture. Even under the ‘ideal’ conditions of adherence and monitoring, in the controlled pivotal trials, a significant proportion of individuals receiving the active drug still suffer new fractures. In everyday practice the situation is even more challenging. Adherence to medication is poor, patients are often older than in trials, or suffer from a number of comorbidities that could have excluded them from the ori...

Pharmacologic treatment of patients with a high risk of fracture is mandatory. Nowadays there are many available options mostly with antiresorptive agents (bisphosphonates, SERMs, strontium ranelate, calcitonin, estrogens and denosumab) but also with anabolic agents (teriparatide) that have shown to reduce incidence of new fragility fractures. In the near future new drugs targeting different pathways and mediators involved in bone remodelling will be available.<p class="ab...

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How exactly does inflammation early affect bone properties at rheumatoid arthritis (RA) onset? As we have shown, mechanical bone properties are negatively affected by inflammation. This could be viewed as a logic consequence of the reduction BMD that occurs in RA. However, the increased risk of fractures in RA patients is independent from BMD and this has been recognized by the WHO FRAX tool, where RA has been included as one of the risk factors. Thus, RA in itself is independ...

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Turn your challenges into opportunities through EU funding for research and innovation.The European Union encompasses several funding mechanisms to support research and innovation (R&I). One of its main instruments is Seventh Framework programme (FP7), established for the period 2007–2013, which is now approaching its end.The successor EU instrument, called Horizon 2020 (H2020), is currently under ...

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There has been much published about the incidence, detection and prosecution of publication fraud, less about fraud and misconduct in clinical research. We should be equally concerned about research fraud. It is clear that all misconduct is not fraud, and sloppiness would not be so labelled, but the protection of patients must be uppermost of all concerns.Whichever definition is used, the fact that patients have been exploited remains. This exploitation ...