Bone Abstracts

Objective: To determine serum 25-lydroxivitamin D (25OHD) and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in an immobilized population from Northern Spain.Subjects and methods: We studied 125 immobilized people (37 men and 88 women) aged 53–101 years. (85±8 years.). Seventy-five percent of the subjects lived at home, residing in nursing homes the remaining 25%. None of them received antiresorptive therapy, corticosteroids or vitamin D supplements. ...

Objective: To analyze the effects of statins on bone mineral density (BMD), in participants from a large population-based cohort.Subjects and methods: We studied 2315 subjects (1422 women and 893 men) from the Camargo Cohort, and analyzed the differences in BMD between statin or non-statin users. We also studied the effect of the type of statin, dose, pharmacokinetic properties, and length of treatment, on BMD.Results: Four hundred...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to quantify fracture risk associated with areal bone mineral density (BMD) in older men.Methods: In this prospective analysis we followed 620 men aged 60–93 years (median 74.3 years) for a median 6.4 years, after baseline BMD assessments (performed 2001–2006) as part of the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Based on WHO criteria, 33.5% had normal BMD at the femoral neck, 57.6% were osteopenic and 8.9% osteo...

Background: Osteoporosis is not a homogenous disease. Riggs et al. identified two distinct types of osteoporosis, with different pathophysiology, patterns of bone loss and fracture types.Post-menopausal (PM) osteoporosis is triggered by withdrawal of the effect of oestrogen on bone, which leads to a sharp acceleration of bone turnover with an imbalance towards excessive osteoclastic activity. Senile osteoporosis in the old old (usually after the...

Osteoporosis-related hip fractures represent a substantial cause of mortality and morbidity in industrialized countries; nonetheless, past studies in Austria lack mortality figures save during hospitalization (in-hospital mortality).We therefore retrospectively retrieved pseudonymized invoice data from Austrian social insurance authorities covering roughly 98% of the entire population including 31 548 subjects over 51 years of age who sustained first hip...

Osteoprotegerin gene (OPG) is an important candidate gene of osteoporosis. Association of the OPG polymorphisms and bone mineral density (BMD) have been studied by several research groups, however results are not uniform.The aim of this study was to determine if two polymorphisms in the OPG gene influence bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women and elderly men. A total of 135 patients, aged 41–87 years, were incl...

Aim: To investigate the acute effects of oral glucocorticoids in doses used in clinical practice on biochemical indices of function of osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes.Methods: In 17 adult patients suffering from various medical pathologies requiring systemic steroid therapy that were never before treated with glucocorticoids, the glucocorticoid treatment was initiated (mean prednisolone equivalent dose of 23.1±12.7 mg/day, range 10–50 m...

Background: It is inadequate to use the patient’s age and sex alone to estimate physicians’ workload in the primary setting. The extent to which the morbidity burden of osteoporosis patients would account of the utilization of primary care services has not been examined.Aim: We analyzed the number of face-to-face visits of osteoporosis patients visiting Danish GP clinics and aimed to assess what proportion of primary care services variation are...

Introduction: Aromatase inhibitors (AI) used as adjuvant treatment of hormone-sensitive breast cancer reduce the level of circulating estrogen and cause accelerated bone loss. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of osteoporosis in women with breast cancer and the effect of chemotherapy on the risk of osteoporosis.Methods: Three hundred and sixty women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer who were scheduled to start treatment with AI we...

Background and aims: Cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are accompanied by inflammation and malnutrition. Both conditions may affect bone metabolism negatively and facilitate bone fractures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of fractures among patients with CP or cirrhosis and the impact of fat malabsorption on fracture risk among patients with CP.Methods: Using the Danish National Patient Register, we did a retrospective cohort s...

Bone marrow is composed of cells developed within the marrow compartment as well as blood supplied from the general circulation. Bone tissue is affected by cytokines within the bone marrow.We investigated if the levels of different bone acting cytokines differ between bone marrow and blood from the peripheral circulation.Fifty-three healthy postmenopausal women participated in a study designed to evaluate the effect of rosiglitazon...

Rural to urban migration is associated with adverse metabolic consequences, but its effect on osteoporosis risk is unclear. We investigated associations between rural to urban migration and bone mineral density (BMD) after accounting for changes in body composition. A cross sectional analysis was performed of rural–urban migrants (RUM) matched with rural non-migrated (RNM) siblings, plus a separate sample of urban-non-migrants (UNM). Participants (n=764, 54% male...

Introduction: Recent data suggest that imbalances in lipid metabolism affect bone cell function resulting in osteoporosis. Here, we investigated the role of apolipoprotein E (ApoE), essential component of chylomicron and very low density Lipoprotein metabolic pathways, in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast function and thus in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.Material and methods: We used apoE deficient (ApoE−/−) and wild ...

Introduction: Recent data suggest that imbalances in lipid metabolism affect the function of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts and thus bone quality. Here we investigated the role of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), a key-element of HDL biogenesis, in the regulation of cardinal genes/proteins that regulate lipoblasts and osteoblasts in mice.Materials and methods: We used apoA-I deficient (ApoA-I−/−) and wild-type (C57BL/6) mice (10 anim...

Objectives: We aimed to analyze bone mineralization in postmenopausal women of Southern Apulia and to evaluate the effect of obesity-related phenotypes as BMI ≥30 kg/m2, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.Methods: The PROF project is a population-based study on 3.356 subjects (40–99 years) analyzed by phalangeal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) to evaluate bone mineral status. A total of 2.756 postmenopausal women were ...

Objective(s): We aimed to determine the impact of microgravity-induced osteoporosis on the future of space programs.Material and methods: We performed a metanalysis of the available literature, finding out different studies about i) muscle atrophy due to the absence of workload, which can consequently induce bone loss; ii) the effect of long term inactivity on bone mass; iii) the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in women and men in order t...

Objective(s): We aimed to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and risk factors for bone demineralization in the Italian population.Material and methods: 3090 consecutive subjects were screened for osteoporosis by using calcaneal quantitative ultrasounds (QUS) in 16 Italian cities (women: 2635; men: 455) during the extension of the FIRMO study carried out in 2011 on about 7000 people. Anamnestic data were collected to assess the presence of recognize...

Osteoporosis and fragility fractures correlated, are a major clinical problem in older women and men and a major public health problem worldwide. As the population ages, the incidence of osteoporotic fractures is increasing. These fractures are associated with higher health care costs, physical disability, impaired quality of life, and increased mortality.Aim: evaluation of the frequency, type and age of onset of fragility fractures in 110 centenarians (...

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate hospitalization rate of femoral neck fractures in the elderly Italian population over ten years.Methods: We analyzed national hospitalizations records collected at central level by Ministry of Health from 2000 to 2009. Age- and sex-specific rates of fractures occurred at femoral neck in people ≥65 years old. We performed a sub-analysis over a 3-year period (2007–2009), presenting data per five-year age groups, ...

Objective(s): To assess osteoporosis risk factors for postmenopausal women and correlation with bone mineral density (BMD) in Latvia.Material and methods: A national cross-sectional study conducted in Latvia about osteoporosis risk factors in postmenopausal women and BMD determination with DXA. 1.598 women who had a DXA scan visit, took part in a study (May–October 2012). The women filled out a questionnaire with 25 multiple choice questions on oste...

Introduction and objectives: Male osteoporosis in the Arab World and the Middle East should be considered a major public health issue, and a problem in clinical medicine which deserves adequate attention similar to post-menopausal osteoporosis. There is a great lack of awareness among men about osteoporosis, and treatment is not as well codified as in women.The aim of this study was to evaluate referrals of male patients to Osteodensitometry Unit in a Un...

Aims and background: Osteoporosis is a growing public health problem in developing countries. Awareness can lead to reduction in the incidence of the disease and consequently the fragility fractures.Osteoporosis knowledge is an important contributor to improving management and treatment of patients. The aim of this study was to measure osteoporosis knowledge among Lebanese physicians.Subjects and methods: Representative random samp...

Introduction: Norway has one of the highest reported incidences of osteoporotic fracture. Since, bone mineral density (BMD) is a strong predictor of future fracture risk, high peak bone mass achievement is essential. This study is the first to examine BMD in a population-based study including Norwegian adolescents. Here we compare the measured BMD with international reference ranges and explore predictors of BMD in this population.Methods: In 2010–2...

Introduction: Mortality after hip fracture is increased. However, only a few studies have explored for predictors beyond gender and age. Thus our aim was to study risk factors associated with increased mortality in hip fracture patients.Methods: Hip fracture patients (>50 years) admitted to a county hospital in 2004–2005 were consecutively invited for assessment at the hospital osteoporosis centre. A broad spectre of data was collected. Standard...

Type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis often occur together in postmenopausal women. Sitagliptin is a new drug used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes; it affects incretin system as a result of inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4. So far, the impact of the drug on bone remodeling processes is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sitagliptin on bone growth and remodeling in non-ovariectomized and ovariectomized rats.The experiments we...

Caffeine, a methylxanthine present in coffee, tea, coca-cola and other beverages, is considered to be responsible for an increased risk of osteoporosis in coffee drinkers, however the data from human and experimental studies are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a moderate dose of caffeine on the skeletal system of rats with normal and decreased estrogen level (developing osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency).Caffei...

Introduction: Osteoporosis is frequently associated with renal disease, namely the bone metabolism disturbances caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The increased risk of fragility fractures is well demonstrated in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). There is recent evidence that bone pathological changes start early in the course of CKD. Our aim is to evaluate whether chronic renal disease, before ESRD, is associated with bone fra...

EpiReumaPt is a cross-sectional, epidemiologic study to estimate the prevalence of rheumatic diseases in Portugal. Selected cases randomized from the 10 000 Portuguese subjects recruited are eventually observed by a rheumatologist. Portuguese and Spanish FRAX® tool were applied. The major osteoporotic (MOFR) and hip (HFR) fracture risk were calculated without DXA results.The FRAX tool has been developed by WHO to evaluate 10 years fracture risk. It ...

Introduction: The authors experienced a ipsilateral femoral stress fracture after total knee arthroplasty (TKR). Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) after TKR have been proposed as cause. However, reports regarding changes of BMD in the proximal hip after TKR have been rare. Therefore, first, we studied the question of whether TKR can effect change of proximal hip BMD? Second, if so, does TKR have different effects on BMD of the operative and non-operative sides?<p class=...

Aim: Alendronate enhances bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)-mediated osteoblast differentiation. A balanced regulation of inhibitors of DNA binding/differentiation (Ids) plays an important role in BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation. However, there are no studies on the possible roles of Id genes in alendronate-induced osteoblast differentiation. This study investigated the effect of alendronate on the expression of Id genes in osteoblast differentiation. ...

Introduction: To compare serum vitamin D levels in elderly patients with or without osteoporotic spinal compression fractures (OSCF) and to evaluate a correlation between serum vitamin D level and several variables such as age, and bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers.Methods: The medical records of 78 patients with OSCF (fracture group) and 84 age-matched control patients who were diagnosed osteoporosis without OSCF (control group) were rev...

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and coronary atherosclerosis in healthy postmenopausal women.Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 252 postmenopausal women who visited the health promotion center for a routine checkup, after excluding participants who had factors affecting BMD and coronary artery disease. BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur was evaluated by dual-energy X-r...

Introduction and aims: Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent disorder in developing countries. Clinical manifestations of the deficiency include musculoskeletal disorders, such as nonspecific muscle pain, poor muscle strength and low bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and low BMD in healthy Saudi women.Methods: The subjects of this cross-sectional study comprised 449 healthy Saudi women...

Background: Surgical treatment of type 2 diabetes, specially in obese patients, has provided good results in the control of blood glucose and Hb1Ac although its effect on bone health is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate gene expression of bone remodelling markers in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) non-obese rats after gastrojejunal bypass and sleeve gastroplasty, and their relationship with hormonal parameters.Materials and methods: We ...

Introduction: Liver transplant candidates have bone and mineral metabolism disorders that may influence the development of fractures after liver transplantation (LT).Objective: To analyze the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) in patient candidates for LT and the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency.Methods: Between January 2010 and May 2012, 116 liver transplant candidates (85 male and 31 female patients) were include...

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a common complication in patients with chronic cholestasis, usually characterized by reduced bone formation. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) improves differentiation and mineralization and counteracts the damaging effects of bilirubin and lithocholic acid (LCA) in osteoblastic cells. Moreover, UDCA decreases apoptosis in a number of cell lines, but this antiapoptotic effect has not been investigated in bone cells.Aims: To assess...

Wnt–β-catenin signalling and its antagonists (sclerostin and Dkk-1) play an important role in the regulation of bone mass and osteoblastogenesis. Glucocorticoid therapy (GCCT) is a well known factor related to decreased bone formation and osteoporosis development. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of GCCT on Wnt signalling antagonists (sclerostin and Dkk-1) and their relationship to bone mass and bone turnover.Methods: 22 patients (11M/11F, age...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been associated with a marked increase in bone loss. This study analysed the effect of Wnt signalling antagonists (sclerostin and DKK-1) and their relationship with bone turnover markers and BMD evolution in patients with a recent SCI.Methods: Patients with a recent complete motor SCI (AIS A or B); (<6 months) were prospectively included. Bone turnover markers (bone formation: P1NP, bone AP; bone resorption: sCTx), Wnt an...

Purpose: To describe the timing and whereabouts of the hip fracture patient at the time of fracture in a population-based setting and to relate these factors with residential and health status, seasonal variation and snow-covered ground.Methods: We consecutively included 486 hip fracture cases (age ≥50 years) admitted to a Swedish Orthopedic Department during a 1-year period. Data concerning socio-demographic details, fall location, time of fractur...

The origin of the recent levelling-off in hip-fracture incidence in several settings is unknown.Methods: Using Danish national inpatient data for individuals aged ≥50 years during 1980–2010, we examined annual number and incidence of hip fractures and age, period, and cohort effects by log-likelihood estimates in Poisson regression models. Age adjustment was done by direct standardization, time-trend analysis by linear regression, and identifi...

Several studies have shown a higher mortality after hip fracture but the reasons and the duration of the excess risk is not well understood. We aimed to determine whether there exists a higher mortality after hip fracture when controlling for genetic constitution, environmental and life-style risk factors, and comorbidity. All 286 identical Swedish twin pairs discordant for hip fracture (1972–2010) were identified by use of the National patient register and the Swedish tw...

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis have often been reported to coexist in older people. However, the literature is conflicting regarding size and indeed direction of the association. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess associations between the Framingham general cardiovascular risk score and bone characteristics in a cohort of older adults.Methods: We studied 374 men and 379 women, born 1931–1939, who participated...

Introduction: Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are recognized complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previously Riches et al. described a patient with celiac disease and severe osteoporosis in whom neutralizing antibodies to osteoprotegerin (OPG) were present. The aim of this study was to determine if OPG autoantibodies were present in patients with RA and other rheumatic diseases and to relate these to clinical features.Methods: We dev...

Although the optimal requirement of vitamin D for skeletal health in the general community remains uncertain, vitamin D deficiency impairs bone mineralisation, increases bone turnover, accelerates bone loss and increases fracture risk. Seasonal variation in the hip fracture incidenc, reported in several studies, supports a role for vitamin D deficiency in the epidemiology of hip fracture. We hypothesised that if the association is causal, then the amplitude of the seasonal var...

Introduction: Fracture risk assessment using FRAX® estimates 10-year fracture risk (FR10) at major sites (Maj_FR10) and hip (Hip_FR10). In 2012, in Newcastle, UK, a strategy was agreed to share data between General Practice (GP), Clinical Commissioning Groups and local hospitals to identify patients at high FR10.Methods/design: FRAX® and RAID® (a health reporting, analysis and intelligence delive...

The purpose of this research was to study the histological structure of albino rats lower incisors of different ages after thymectomy under the injections of thymogen intrapritoneally.Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted on 360 white rats of three age groups: immature, mature, and senile period.Results: Injection of thymogen on the traditional pattern immature rats was accompanied by an increase in the width of the p...

Previous studies found a negative correlation between vertebral bone marrow fat (MF) and bone density (BMD). Proposed mechanisms for this include i) a shift in stem cell lineage allocation from osteoblasts towards adipocytes, and ii) an increase in osteoclast-promoting cytokines with greater MF. However, little is known about the relationship between MF and bone markers. To assess these relationships in older adults, we used data from the AGES-Reykjavik cohort. MF was measured...

Leptin and adiponectin have an opposing relationship in circulation; leptin is higher and adiponectin lower in overweight/obese individuals, and vice versa. Studies showed that both leptin and adiponectin can be either beneficial or harmful to bone depending on the mode of action. The objective was to investigate the association of serum leptin:adiponectin ratio (L:A) with BMD of various skeletal sites and markers of bone turnover in overweight and obese postmenopausa...

The connection between osteoporosis and obesity is becoming a topic of increasing research. The adipocyte-secreted hormones, leptin and adiponectin, may be the mediators between adipose tissue and bone. The aim was to examine the changes in leptin and adiponectin with the weight and body composition (fat and lean mass) change during the 6-months weight loss program. Additionally, the relationship between two adipokines and BMD of various skeletal sites was also examined. Parti...